Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Cystoscopy (a telescope inserted through the bladder) is used to enter the bladder and a catheter is inserted into the ureter (the tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder). By injecting the contrast medium through this tube into the kidney
The kidney is visualized with x-rays during this procedure. After the patient is placed in the prone position, a small hole is made in the kidney with a needle from the waist and a pathway is found and opened under x-ray guidance. This road is then widened.
In this way, the kidney is entered with an optical device called a nephroscope and the inside of the kidney is checked. Checking the kidney with a nephroscope is called nephroscopy. Stones or other pathologies within the kidney are visualized
then the necessary treatment is applied in the same way in the same session.

If stones are present and too large to be removed, they can be broken using laser, pneumatic and ultrasound power sources. Resection in the presence of a mass or tumor
can be done. After the operation, a catheter (nephrostomy) or a double-j catheter with one end in the kidney and one end in the bladder is inserted into the kidney and exits through the same wound. If the patient has a nephrostomy catheter
2 or 3 days after the operation, the kidney is evaluated by X-ray (antegrade pyelography) with injection of contrast material before the nephrostomy is removed. If there is no obstruction, the tube is removed and possible urine is sent to the kidney lobe.
a temporary tube drain (often 1-2 days old) is placed for leakage. Once it is clear that there is no urine leakage, this drain is removed. There may be leakage from the drain site for a few days and it often stops spontaneously. If the double-j catheter
If it is implanted, it is withdrawn between 1-3 months under cystoscopy.